First law of motion Essay

I have come to a point in life that many people have not. I have made a firm decision to recommit myself to pursuing my dreams. While there are those who believe that with an ounce of luck and a ton of persistence anything can be accomplished, I believe that there is no reason to expend so much energy and rely on luck. I believe in taking hold of my destiny and carving out a future for myself based on the decisions that I make in life. Life is simply too short and too precious to be left to luck alone. This is why I have chosen to apply at (Selected University Here). An object at rest tends to stay at rest and an object in motion tends to stay in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. This is how the first law of Newton is often stated. An object remains at rest unless an external influence interacts with it and either gets it moving again or alters its direction. I prefer to think of myself as one of those objects that are at rest. There has never really been any motivation or desire on my part to try and do something drastic in my life. The problems of other people do not concern me unless there is some sort of benefit that I can gain through my actions or disadvantage that will happen through my inaction. This has always been my way of dealing with things when I was much younger and admittedly more selfish and naive. As every story concerning a spoiled child goes, I always felt that I was the center of everyone’s attention. I was the most important thing in this world. There was no need for me to raise a finger to do anything as everyone around me was at my beck and call, servants who catered to my every whim and desire. These thoughts of greatness and power however were also the same thoughts that made it very difficult for me to adapt to my school environment as I constantly found myself alone in school with no friends and nobody to talk to. Things took a turn for the worse before they got any better however as I was also performing terribly in school. I would get into scuffles with my classmates and get on the bad side of everyone in my school. These were very difficult times for me because I could not understand why these people had such an intense dislike for me. The worst part was yet to come however. One day when I was one my way to my classroom I saw a couple of my classmates breaking into the lockers of a few of the students. Unsure of what I was supposed to do I decided to watch them. A few moments later a young kid, much smaller and younger than me, told these bigger kids to stop what they were doing because it was bad. These bullies merely laughed at the kid and decided to have some fun with him and push him around. Forgetting how much bigger they were than the young child, they became too rough and pushed the child so hard that he rolled down the stairwell. Instead of helping the young kid out I decided to make a run for it and not say anything to anyone. It wasn’t my problem, I recall telling myself. Indeed it wasn’t but soon enough it became a problem of mine when I learned a week later that the young boy who I refused to defend would never be able to walk again. My inaction, my selfishness was the reason that a young boy would never be able to walk again. I could not live with myself. It was then that I decided to approach my mother and ask her why things were that way. Like every mother, my mom adored me and always had my best interests in her heart. But I was surprised when she told me the truth; I was selfish, arrogant and self centered. A person destined for greatness must learn to be humble and must also learn to stand up in the face of adversity. She then told me a story a great person, a person she admired, former President Ronald Reagan. While not exactly the most intelligent of all people, Ronald Reagan endured many trials in his life and was able to weather them all thus earning himself the nickname â€Å"The Teflon President†. Not only was Ronald Reagan able to endure all of his challenges, he was also well loved by many, which is largely attributed to his persuasive quotable speaking style. The Great Communicator was able to charm the hearts of many and in doing so became one of the most effective Presidents in the history of the United States. After that talk, I decided to learn more about this person who my mother thought so highly of and found that he had done so many things during his administration. I could not understand how a person who wielded such power never chose to abuse it but instead chose to use the power to help other people and improve the welfare of every American; Powerful and influential but at the same time well-loved by the American public. From that forth I resolved to discard my selfish and self-centered ways and decided to focus more on helping other people and becoming more altruistic in my deeds. While I certainly will not become the next Ronald Reagan, I have him to thank for motivating me to become a better person not only for myself but for others as well. He has inspired me to lead a life of service for the public and fueled my passion for politics. I may not be able to accomplish the things that this great person has done in his lifetime but I will be happy knowing that I have made a difference in this world. To have even inspired a single person to do good things and to devote his life to a life of service for others as Ronald Reagan has done for me will be a great accomplishment. While I personally believe that â€Å"there is no such thing as a free lunch† and that everything a person has in life must come from hard work and perseverance, I also believe in charity. I believe in helping others who do not have much in life. I believe in helping people regardless of their nation, race or creed. I believe in being a better person so I can best help myself and others around me. I believe that (Selected University) is the best place for me to turn these beliefs into realities.

Comapring Porters 5 Forces for the Airline Industry Essay

1. Score each competitive force in the airline industry and provide a brief rationale for your assessment. Â ·Rivalry Among Existing Firms: (High) When one major company in an industry makes a change in costs or services that could potentially increase their clientele, a major competitor almost always follows suit. Price matching is a prime example of that, therefore the threat is high. West Jet is one company that offers flights at a discount and forced Air Canada to create new banners to compete with the discounted prices. All major companies and firms in an industry watch each other’s every move very carefully, and match any move with a countermove. During slow season in the airline industry, a firm can only grow by taking some of another competitor’s market share and customers. When someone has to book a flight, they have to book a flight. Most people these days use the internet to book flights and compare services and prices from rival firms with relative ease. Accessibility and price are the key factors in driving rivalries. The deregulation of the Canadian airline industry in 1984 created a very intense rivalry between two of the biggest airline companies in Canada; namely, Canadian Airlines and Air Canada. Canadian Airlines built its strength in the industry by making a few key acquisitions of companies in Western Canada. Air Canada recently became a publicly traded corporate entity, building capital through public offering. When these two powerhouse companies created a difficult situation, such as the offering of less expensive options and discount flights, they both lost revenue and nearly crippled them financially. Â ·Relative Power of Other Stakeholders: (High) Other stakeholders such as governments have a relatively large amount of power over most national airlines in Canada, because they are partially owned by them. Taxes on flights out of Pearson International Airport are some of the highest in the world and these taxes are regulated by the government. Taxes, policies and regulations are some reasons why the government has power in this industry. They can limit the entry to the industry within the region by restricting access to important things, like raw materials and licensing requirements. In Canada the government has foreign ownership limits in almost all transportation services, and the government always has and always will regulate the airline industry. The Canadian government has used its power in the past by protecting local companies in the industry, such as Air Canada, from companies based in other countries attempting to acquire them. Other regional stakeholders, in particular those in the tourism industry, have some indirect power over the airlines by creating and perpetuating the demand for flights. An example of this is when a tourism organization advertises international destinations and attractions. Marketing initiatives of those organizations are meant to whet the appetite of the consumer, thus increasing the demand for flights to those destinations and, accordingly, the airline industry is then obliged to increase the supply for flights. Â ·Threat of Substitutes: (Medium) In almost every industry the threat of substitutes are apparent. Marketing and R & D are a huge part in minimizing a company’s threat of substitutes. The more the public sees, hears or reads about your company the better. The threat of substitution in the airline industry is inevitable. Substitute products have the potential of creating a strong competitive force when they enhance the value for the customers, especially in the airline industry. Also, substitutes improve the price-performances of each firm within the industry. When booking a flight to a destination close in proximity, people often compare their options. For example, the cost of a return flight to Newark, New Jersey from Toronto may exceed $ 1,500 per person; the same trip via automobile would cost less than $500 for all occupants of the vehicle combined; the trip by train would cost roughly $230; and, by bus the cost would be $125. Therefore, the threat of substitution is a significant factor in the airline industry. However, if a customer has to travel very quickly or a significant distance, that person would most likely choose the flight option instead of a cheaper alternative. Â ·Bargaining Power of Buyers/Distributors: (Medium) Bargaining power is a tricky one because it can work both ways. Buyers have a certain level of power in any industry. A buyer may switch suppliers very easily if there are no penalties and it is cost effective for them. If a large firm makes a large purchase of goods from another firm, it may be mutually beneficial and if serviced well, have the potential for repeat business. However, the buyer then has the power to use a substitute or competitor which would negatively affect the seller. Buyers are always the more powerful of the two because some buyers have the ability to put pressure on lower costs from suppliers, while demanding an increase of the quality of products or services provided to them. Also, the bargaining power in industries with high fixed costs like the airline industry can play a big factor. On the other hand, things like jet engines, tires and other key safety devices on aircrafts can cause severe consequences if this equipment malfunctions. For that reason, the buyer has a reduced amount of bargaining power with suppliers in this industry. The bargaining power of buyers is both high and low, so I ranked it medium. Â ·Bargaining Power of Suppliers: (Medium) Suppliers or sellers do not have a vast amount of power in the Canadian airline industry. Aircraft manufacturing is a highly specialized industry with a limited customer base. If a supplier raises costs or their quality decreases, they have the potential to lose a customer, which may be extremely difficult to replace that lost revenue in such a specialized industry. Compare the market for aircrafts with the market for automobiles: Aircrafts are unique and there are just over 18,000 commercial aircrafts traveling the skies; when the number of automobiles just breached the 1 billion mark a few years ago. Compared to the suppliers in the auto industry who have an increased amount of power, the suppliers in the airline industry don’t have nearly as much. Buyers have only a minimal amount of options in this industry, therefore sellers or suppliers can be more demanding in regards to their prices, scheduling and other key components of the industry. This force is both high and low a s well. Â ·Threat of New Entrants: (Low) The threat of new entrants is low because there is already a large amount of competition on a very big scale. Air Canada is a prime example of an airline company that offers flights and services on a globalized level, which would be hard to match without massive capital. A second reason I believe the threat is low is because of the high cost of breaking into this market, the airline industry is one of the most expensive industries to get into. For example, Boeing’s cheapest commercial aircraft is just less than $80 million costing upwards of $350 million. The aforementioned economic threats and entry barriers are far greater than most potential market entrants would want. The brand name factor is a big one here too, as a consumers selection process has much to do with brand recognition and pricing. Society gets comfortable and used to boarding certain airlines and receiving what they have to offer such as good customer service. The security, health and safety aspect of the industry are very difficult to observe and maintain, as those fields of the industry are subject to harsh regulations which can be tough for a new entrant in this industry to maintain and comply with. 2. Which of these forces are changing? How will this affect the overall level of competitive intensity in the airline industry in the future? Would you invest or look for a job in this industry? What do recent financial results of Canadian airlines indicate about the attractiveness of this industry? Industry evolution is a never ending process, especially in the airline industry. The power of other stakeholders will change in years to come because of the industry growth expected in the next decade and a half. The number of aircrafts is expected to double by the year 2025, which is great evidence that all forces will evolve and change with the business. With the expected growth in the Canadian airline industry all of these forces are due to change and as the industry grows, so does the threat of new entrants as more corporations and firms will see the success of the current ones in the industry and want to break into the industry. With enough capital and a great group or process of st rategic planning and environmental scanning the threat of new entrants grows. The rivalries will become more intense with the globalization of corporations. The high exit barriers will be a big factor for larger corporations as the smaller organizations will have extremely difficult decisions to make on whether or not to opt out of the industry. The threat of acquisitions and company takeovers will increase and larger firms with more capital will have an advantage here, while the smaller firms will stay small without achieving great levels of success through analyzing and strategic planning. Therefore, the competition and rivalry will increase immensely between both successful and less successful firms. The struggle for bargaining power between purchasers and suppliers in this industry will likely continue, with that power shifting back and forth due to various market conditions. Factors such as the cost and supply of fuel, the availability and quality of supplies, ever-changing government regulations and fluctuating consumer demand can cause variances in the flow of bargaining power. Other stakeholders such as unions, the government, creditors, shareholders and other key groups involved with the industry, can change and play a big factor in the near and extended future. Power of the government will increase exponentially, creating higher taxes, greater measures of safety, security and regulations, as the industry adapts and evolves. The level of intensity will grow rapidly and the rivalries will always be there, but they will be different with each rival. The competitiveness will intensify greatly in the future, because of the expected boom in the industry. More flights mean more aircrafts, employees, security and security measures, prices and innovative thinking. Some firms have been known to scout some of their future and current associates and team members, hence the rivalry among experienced employees in the industry. Another reason the intensity will grow, is because the internet is being used more, and more often by customers booking flights, future employe es seeking new positions and marketing techniques. The hyper competition of the industry will affect the intensity and moving forward, new strategic tools will need to be used to keep up. The key success factors such as, booking accessibility, diverse classes of service offerings and aircraft type and seating space, will create loyalty and repeat customers. This will intensify the industry as it expands in the future in a very positive way. Also, successful financial management of each corporation may enable airlines to increase their influence and power. The high fixed costs of the industry, force corporations to offer cheaper standby fares when a flight has not reached its capacity. The flight still needs to get to its destination, so cheaper flights are offered just to fill the seats in this case. This will always create an intense rivalry. I would invest in this industry because I believe the overall growth of airlines and aircrafts in Canada and globally will be tremendous. A company like Bombardier would be a great one to invest in. They have been expanding rapidly by acquiring top firms and companies in the industry with the goal of being the market leaders in all aspects. There are 18,000 commercial aircrafts traveling the skies and that number should double within the next 12 years. In addition with the price of purchasing aircrafts rising and the need for them in the near future, moreover, companies outside of Canada in the aircraft manufacturing industry such as Boeing and Air Ambulance would be successful ones to invest in. With the projected heights of the industry, it would be an intelligent idea to invest in what the general public rated the top airline company in North America, Air Canada, because, the larger they become the greater their revenues increase. Air Canada is involved in all transportation categories of the industry, such as internationally, nationally, regionally and the transportation of cargo for other corporations. As the global population increases at an extremely intense rate, additional customers will be using their services and in turn expanding a business’s potential. The more firms in the airline industry grow, the more flights and services will be offered. This means better rates because of the increase in airports, flight times and options, accessibility and many other aspects. WestJet is currently looking at purchasing 40 new aircrafts, with the top two competitors being Italian based company ATR Aircrafts and Bombardier. Bombardier will be leaning heavily on the fact that they are a Canadian based manufacturer with the hope of winning this extremely lucrative and positive contract. Economically, this may have a large affirmative influence on the Canadian industry, another key factor in why I would invest in the Canadian airline industry. After reviewing the financial results of some airline companies in Canada, I found that the net earnings have been rising for the past 2-5 years on a consistent and large scale. The revenue and available seat miles (ASM), are increasing quite rapidly, however, the costs of aircrafts, other specialized equipment and fuel are increasing almost as rapidly. A statement made by Gregg Saretsky, President and CEO of WestJet, contained in the company’s recent financial statements outlined that profitable growth continues as they expand their reach. I interpret this as a very positive message from an important stakeholder in the Canadian industry. It means that as the company expands more and more, so do the profits, brand name and other large factors in any successful business in the second largest country in the world. This is a very attractive industry to get involved with because of the growth potential. Expert analyst and great strategist have predicted the airline industry to be one of the top grossing and earning industries in the world. There are over 230 different airline companies in Canada with less than ten dominating forces in the industry. The larger the company, the larger the profit, so the attractiveness is more appealing with larger companies or firms. Porter Airlines is a small company that launched in 2006, however, the first year they recorded financial gain was 2011. This company has been steadily expanding since they set to the air. The founders of Porter airlines spent five years building their business plan. With the precise and meticulous environmental scanning and strategic planning, they have grown their company in a great way, with greater expectations in the future. The most unattractive aspect of this industry is the cost of fuel and according to the Air Transportation Association (ATA) is an airline’s second largest expense. According to the financial report of Air Canada, they spent $723 million on fuel in 2011, an increase of about 27% from the previous year. Right now, jet fuel consumption is exceeding 6 million barrels daily and with that number increasing in the future, demands will increase even more then they are now, driving the cost of this essential commodity in the industry. Air Canada’s operating income in 2011 was more than $50 million down from the year prior. They reported a decrease in net loss of just less than $250 million. The cause of their loss was from foreign exchange and internal investigation. Another unattractive aspect is that globally, the level of carbon dioxide and other emissions is expected to rise 50% by the year 2050. Aircrafts emissions contribute to climate change three times as fast as they do from cars, which is extremely harmful to the environment. Most companies in the industry are putting enormous focus on their environmental scanning, trying to find options to decrease and minimize this major factor. Overall, the financial results suggest that the Canadian airline industry will continue to grow on exponential levels in the future and will be extremely beneficial for the Canadian economy in many ways.

Analysis Of Kill A Mockingbird Essay -- To Kill a Mockingbird, White

The book notably opens with an immediate instance of self-delusion: tricking the reader into believing that Maycomb is just an old, ordinary, and quiet town through description of the town’s history, when in reality, it was teeming with prejudice and racism. The reader immediately leans about this sleepy southern town where â€Å"a day was twenty-four hours long but seemed longer. There was no hurry, for there was nowhere to go, nothing to buy and no money to buy it with, nothing to see outside the boundaries of Maycomb County† (Lee 6), however the reader slowly begins to realize that there’s more to the town than what meets the eye, as â€Å" it was a time of vague optimism for some of the people: Maycomb County had recently been told that it had nothing to fear but fear itself† (Lee 6). Up until this point, any first-time reader was probably thinking of a dreary, yet pleasant town where nothing really happened. However, this allusion to Roosevelt’ s fireside chats places this narrative in the 1930’s, and this is the detail that causes the reader to put the two ideas together. Any time before the late 60’s in a southern town does not bode well on the topic of acceptance, especially the issue of racism. This skepticism is later confirmed through Mr. Radley using a racial slur to accuse a black man for trespassing on his territory. Overall, the beginning of the book is a great example of self-delusion in order t... ... middle of paper ... ...tside the courthouse after the trial, and Jem was instantly reminded of the verdict: Jem was suddenly furious. He leaped off the bed, grabbed me by the collar and shook me. â€Å"I never wanta hear about that courthouse again, ever, ever, you hear me? You hear me? Don’t you ever say one word to me about it again, you hear? Now go on!† (Lee 331). In the face of bigotry, Jem initially refused to accept reality. He refused to admit that, even though Maycomb was the town he grew up in, even though it was where he called home, he was completely surrounded by injustice. Jem deluded himself rather than accepting the fact that the world is a lot harsher, crueler and just more unfair than he thought. It’s a common theme across the book that people can’t accept the truth and choose to ignore it. And although the book takes place in the 1930’s, this self-deception is still present.

Gameing as an education tool Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Gameing as an education tool - Coursework Example The results compared the findings obtained from analyzing data obtained from fourth-grade learners in two schools. Motion Math is designed to take the learner through three basic levels of fraction learning, with each level further subdivided into 24 sublevels. The levels represent the increasing difficulty of the game, and requires continuous attention to detail. Tests for differences in fraction knowledge for learners in the two schools (with one group in each school being introduced to Motion Math, and schools labeled A and B for ethical reasons) showed specific similarity in results. The layout involved creating two groups of students and comparing how they performed over three sets of tests (pre-test, mid-test, and post-test) administered before introducing the devices, in the middle of the week, and at the end of the week 9which also marked the end of the study period). The group that was introduced to Motion Math performed significantly better at the mid-test compared to the pre-test while the group that was not introduced to the app performed significantly better at the post-test than in the mid-test. For the Motion-Math group in each school, the results did not show significant improvement between the mid-test and posttest. On the other hand, the group that was not introduced to the app performed significantly better at the posttest than in the mid-test but did not have significant improvement in results between the pretest and the mid-test. There were short-term gains in using the app for teaching but both groups (the group that was introduced to the app and the one that was not) tended to have similar performances in the long-run. The two groups had different test trajectories motivated by the use of lack of use of the Motion Math app. The results for self-efficacy, self-ratings on fraction knowledge and fraction liking followed a similar trend as the performances,

The Gay Option by Stephanie Fairyington Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Gay Option by Stephanie Fairyington - Essay Example For the same sex attractions of an individual, it is incorrect and futile to blame parenting of mother or immediate relatives. None should volunteer to tender him concepts of happiness; none should give opinions after opinions to rob him of his private dignity. Such a gay should remove from his dictionary phrases like â€Å"shattering experience,† â€Å"self-loathing,† etc. The gay’s normal world must run according to his plans; terms and conditions should not apply for his existence with honor. Instead of hide and seek, it is better to deserve and remain contented with what the gay has been blessed with without asking. About the experience undergone by the protagonist Stephanie Fairyington writes, â€Å"It worked. Five years later, my mother continues to talk about my lesbianism as if it were a genetic defect like Down syndrome—a parallel she’s actually drawn—because clearly, in her mind, no one would choose such a detestable and challengin g state of being.† (http://www.utne.com)These are the punch lines and the ultimate philosophy for the gay to live with honor. This is the ideal that a mother can do for her dear child. The second step the author rightly chooses is to let the mother know that the gay has the option on the issue. This awareness in her was the new beginning in the life for the gay. The immediate question is what could be that choice. Many forces of opposition that are waiting in the wings to see the drama of gay’s life will arrive on the stage to express pity, opposition, condemnation, intolerance about attack on the established norms of the society, loss in the societal equilibrium, with the ardent advice to change the decision. Change decision and do what? None has the answer. The actors have left the stage and disappeared behind the curtain. The protagonist was alone again. Back to square one! The homosexual inclination of the gay is one’s natural trait. The physical structure an d mental horizon of the gay is true to the design of the nature that created him thus. Why the nature did this for the gay is one of the many unsolved mysteries of nature. The interventions of the societal leaders about the issues related to the gays needs to be of benevolence and not malevolence. Social reformation and rehabilitation are the easiest words for the philanthropists to pronounce. Solve this practical problem, if you are worthy of the trust of the gays. If the societal leaders and family members are unable to appreciate the complexity of the issue they should not create mental hurdles for the gays. Homosexuality is the fact of life. Accept it, tolerate it, or reject it but it is desirable not to meddle unnecessarily with the gays. What the gay does is of his choice. He does not â€Å"infringe the rights of others.† There are many types of sex-related crimes and a gay is not an individual with criminal tendencies. One can get lots of information from newspaper rep orts, interviews and discussions in the electronic media, articles in the magazines, etc. about the abnormal behavior of the so-called normal individuals of the society. Where do you place the gays in comparison of such individuals who indulge in heinous sex-related criminal activities? Gays choose the option available to them, and by no consideration it is mean, they are just

Econ assignment 2 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Econ 2 - Assignment Example Sweden has comparative advantage in Volvos while Norway has a comparative advantage in fish. The free trade relative price is different from the autarkic relative price and thus both countries gain. Both countries specialize in their comparative goods and thus they gain. The minimum expenditure that is needed to attain the autarkic level of utility at autarkic prices is lower than the minimum expenditure required in achieving the free trade level of utility at autarkic prices. The external economies of scale are important in production of semiconductors and the industries are concentrated in certain locations. Thus if a semiconductor industry is established in a certain location, the export of semiconductors by the country will not be due to comparative advantage but the economies of scale. It is true, and Scotch only comes from Scotland since it requires skilled distillers who are mostly found in the region. The region also features favorable climatic and soil conditions for the grains used in the production of scotch. The production subsidy creates an imaginary shift of the supply curve to the right since producers are willing to supply larger quantities at every price due to the subsidy. The rightward shift crosses the $10 line at the quantity, 170 and producers gain in the area, which is given by (120x5) + (50x5/2)= 725, the government will lose an amount = (170x5) = 850 and the social benefit = (10x50) = 500 Goldberg, Linda S., Michael W. Klein, Jay C. Shambaugh, and Paul R. Krugman. Study guide to accompany International economics, theory and policy, sixth edition, Paul R. Krugman, Maurice Obstfeld. Boston, Mass.: Addison Wesley, 2003. Web. 8 July 2014

FAMILY LAW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

FAMILY LAW - Essay Example Prior to this act, domestic violence was dealt under the provisions of several different acts. This act supplanted them and integrated them into one act3. The previous provisions had been ambiguous, confusing and were unable to deal with all the aspects of domestic violence. They had prescribed different norms for dealing with domestic violence and were applied to a very narrow range of relationships. Different courts had delivered significantly different decisions; and there was considerable variation in the remedies applied by different courts for similar types of domestic violence. The new act did away with this confusion and disparity to a great extent4. The present situation in the UK is that an individual can be prosecuted on charges of domestic violence, through several criminal justice provisions. However, the victims of domestic violence can only invoke the family law act for remedies and civil initiatives, to get protection against such violence. The family law act is preferred by most of the women to initiate civil action against offenders5. There are two reasons for this; first, victims of domestic violence do not want to invoke criminal proceedings against such violence, because once the prosecution is under way, they will be unable to control or stop the process, which will be controlled by the police authorities, who will take decisions regarding the subsequent steps in the process6. These authorities decide whether the matter is to be brought before the Crown Prosecution Service. At this juncture, the victim cannot stop the process and there is risk of subsequent retaliation by the offender against the victim. Secondly, victims of domestic violence are generally women; and many women do not want the offender to obtain a criminal record7. Thus, most women seek non – molestation orders, which imposes restrictive measures on the perpetrator and restrain him from committing such acts in future; and

French History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

French History - Essay Example This is also the time when the decolonization began and France lost most of its colonial possessions. It was Charles de Gaulle, writing in his memoirs, who said that France was overburdened with history, wars and revolutions, moving endlessly from grandeur to decline. At the end of World War II, France adopted a socialist system anchored on a â€Å"thick social safety net†¦ by an extraordinary coalition of Gaullists, Socialists, Communists and Christian Democrats.† (Hoffman, 2004) This same policy which is still in effect up to this day is to lead France to economic and political stagnation which contributed greatly to the country’s declining relevance. For instance, on the premise of governance, the present French bureaucracy is colonized by its employees and unions, where it is impossible for the government to confront its people head-on and implement drastic changes.1 Some observers comment that the French have cultivated and perfected a culture of dissent. We are reminded that one of the factors that determine the amount of political influence a country has is a functioning political system that is capable of mobilizing resources for world political goals and immense ideological influence. Also, on the economic front, Guy Sorman put it best when he said that France missed the turn when it chose to languish on the economic model of social-statism – a controlled and nationalist economy – and refused a better alternative which was the liberal solution. As countries like China, United Kingdom and the US profit from capitalism, France harbored an â€Å"anticapitalist tradition, based on the high value attached to equality, and linked to powerful socialist and Catholic schools of thought.† (Hoffman, 2000) As a result, â€Å"the French economy is static relative to those around it, especially Spain and Ireland and the UK.† (Sennot, 2004) Although, France is still

Multitasking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Multitasking - Essay Example Computer multitasking within the single core microprocessor entails time sharing of the processor. This is because only one activity can be performed at one time; however, the tasks are rotated many times per second. In multi-core computers, the core can engage in separate task at the same time. The first publication of the term â€Å"multitasking† initially appeared in the IBM paper that illustrated the effectiveness of the 1965 IBM System/360. As from the 1960s, many psychologists have done studies and experiments on the aspect of human multitasking. The basic experimental design applied in the analysis of human multitasking involves the psychological refractory period effect. In the experimental design, individuals are required to perform separate responses for the two stimuli that are presented within close time duration. The most general research result illustrates reduction in the response levels during the second stimulus. Researchers increasingly suggest existence of processing bottlenecks, which hinder the brain from handing certain key aspects of the several tasks simultaneously. The researchers further illustrates that the cognitive process that experience severe bottlenecks is the memory planning and information retrieval (Steven, Adam & Arturo 1321). Psychiatrist Edward Hallowell has explained multitasking as people mythically believing that they can engage in several tasks, effectively as one. On the contrary, there is adequate evidence that individuals have the capability of performing motor and perceptual activities at similar time. Several researchers have also analyzed multitasking in the process of learning. Some researchers analyzed the concept of cognitive loading during multimedia learning. The two illustrated that it is challenging or even impossible to acquire new information when multitasking. Multitasking negatively influence academic performance. This shows that learners who participate in high multitasking levels

Tipaimukh Hydro-Electric Project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Tipaimukh Hydro-Electric Project - Assignment Example Also the submergence may lead to loss of homes, means of subsistence like agricultural, horticultural and even forest lands, where tribal have access to minor produces as well as for jhumming, and naturally will have traumatic effect on the affected population. Under such circumstances, it will be proper to take timely steps for planning rehabilitation and resettlement of Project Affected Persons (PAPs) to avoid any further disastrous incidents. Due to varied geomorphic character, complex tectonics, structure and soft sediment lithostratigraphy, and change in draw down, the impounded water is bound to cause unstable slope condition, especially in reservoir rim, particularly those in the limit of draw down. Thus, in the event of sudden draw down, major slide could develop. Simultaneously, reservoir water would act as the load drive, as is commonly found in the Himalayan Region, which may have a positive stabilizing influence too. It is therefore recommended that about 100 m above the reservoir rim is thoroughly investigated for site specific knowledge on failure mechanism and adequate protection measures, as explained, be planned at the pre-construction stage with tentative provision of shot crating, rock anchoring, carving out of slopes etc. Landslide activity would generat... eously, reservoir water would act as the load drive, as is commonly found in the Himalayan Region, which may have a positive stabilizing influence too. It is therefore recommended that about 100 m above the reservoir rim is thoroughly investigated for site specific knowledge on failure mechanism and adequate protection measures, as explained, be planned at the pre-construction stage with tentative provision of shot crating, rock anchoring, carving out of slopes etc. Landslide activity would generate rock boulders, silts and mud, but its effect is again dependent on the distance of occurrence from the project components. If the slide occurs much above the FRL direct impact would be less. However, some slides just at the periphery of the rim would add to the silt load / bed load. This impact on the project could be managed by arresting the potential slide zones through suitable engineering treatment measures, afforestation etc. However, the project shall have a separate provision for engineering geological studies to provide necessary treatment measures. Monitoring Gas Emission During construction / excavation of underground openings in the project site, emission of explosive gas may be encountered as the lithological sequence to be encountered is of tertiary age. Therefore, its adverse effect of damaging environment during construction period could be mitigated through early monitoring of the quantity and quality & concentration of the gas. For this gas detector and protective measures, as per underground construction / mining rule is to be kept and executed strictly. Monitoring of Change in Water Quality Provision for monitoring of change in water quality, both upstream and down stream, should be made. Seismic Risk, Hazard Monitoring and Mitigation

U.S. History Essay Example for Free

U.S. History Essay 1. ) From the turn of the Century to the entrance of America into World War II, American government and its relationship to the people changed drastically. At times the change was slow, at times it was very rapid. Explain the changes that took place both practically and philosophically. By the nineteenth century, the Industrial Revolution transformed the economy and society of the United States. In the 1870s, machines replaced human labor, new sources of energy were found, and manufacturing replaced agriculture as the primary economic activity. The conversion of the United States into a developed country happened mainly behind the Civil War and based on the British representation. New ways of thinking about government, science, economics, and religion had brought many changes to America since then up to the nineteenth century. Concern for individual freedoms became so strong that it led to revolution in many lands. In Britain’s American colonies, revolution brought the establishment of a new nation, the United States. The Americans had declared their independence but still had to win it. They had capable leaders and were strengthened by their dedication to the cause of liberty. The Americans emerged victorious from the Revolutionary War and adopted a plan of government that became a model for other nations. This was then recognized as the Second Industrial Revolution, which was shared by both the United States and Germany. The First Industrial Revolution actually changed the route and accelerated the growth of the American economy. On the other hand, the Second Revolution modernized that economy to become full-fledged industrial economy. In the 1900s, gradually Americans, both immigrant and native-born, began to achieve a better standard of living. They saved their money, bought homes, and gave their children an education. Thousands became part of a growing middle class that the expanding economy had helped create. Middle-class communities arose in the suburbs outside the cities. During the early 1900s, organizations were established to help various groups improve their lives. The expanding economy had opened up jobs for women, for example, and increasing independence helped fuel a movement for women’s rights. The National American Woman Suffrage Association was organized although it was not until 1920 that women throughout the nation were allowed to vote. In 1909, black leaders formed the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in an effort to ensure the rights of black Americans. Reformers were also able to win passage of a number of important laws. Many state and local laws, for example, tried to improve housing, education, and working conditions. As the United States grew stronger economically, its leaders continued to favor a policy of expansion. The rapid growth of industry created a need for markets for American manufactured goods and a need for raw materials. Moreover, several prominent Americans believed that expansion would demonstrate American power and greatness. It was the destiny of the United States, they argued, to become a great power, and this meant extending American influence to other lands and raising the American flag on distant shores. Many Latin Americans resented the growing influence and power of the United States. They felt their neighbor to the north had turned from a protector to an aggressor. By its role in the Caribbean, however, the United States revealed its strength as a nation. In only a little more than a century it had grown from an infant republic to a major power in international affairs including its big role in the two world wars. In the aftermath of the war and the peace settlements, there were widespread political and territorial changes. Idealistic plans for peace were advanced, but bitter feelings and resentment in many nations worked against a permanent peace. World War I, called by many â€Å"The Great War,† was a crucial turning point in world history. The changes that it brought about and the problems that it created continued long after the fighting ended. The Versailles Treaty became controversial, and the war took a devastating toll of soldiers and civilians. The ground-breaking outcome though was then the Nineteenth Amendment became law in the United States in 1920. This law gave the women the right to vote. In the 1920s, the United States was prospering. The decade after the Great War brought far-reaching changes to American life. The economy crossed the threshold of magnificent-though-jagged-growth. Driven by the good times and an aspiration to be modern, a great number of Americans took on innovative attitudes and standards of living. The assembly-line methods for producing cars had were used in the production of other goods for consumers. Profits of American businesses soared, and the standard of living increased for many people. People all over the world are beginning to seize the opportunity for self-rule, which is a pillar of democracy popularized by the United States. The mounting tribalism has been connected with the revolution in telecommunications because it makes everything transparent. We can all monitor the process of a massive move to self-rule, and check the excesses if we want to. With telecommunications and computers, big companies are working best now if divided up into autonomous small units. The breakup of countries into tribal entities is surely as beneficial as the beneficial of companies. This autonomy is an upshot of democracy that America is bringing to every society there is around the globe. Though the rise of the United States meant the proliferation of democracies in the world, still more people have preferred to use a different kind of freedom to develop leftists in themselves. Then again, the infamous 9/11 incident in America is a clear testament that world leadership of only one country proves that world politics has not yet departed from the ancient political practice of Imperialism. 2. ) What had a greater impact on America in the post war period – foreign policy (the Cold War, Korea, Vietnam, etc.) or domestic issues (the Civil Rights Movement, Free Speech Movement, etc. ) The United States was gradually drawn into the war as part of its Cold War against international communism. The successes of the Vietcong and insatiability of South Vietnam worried United States leaders. Fear of the spread of communism in Asia as well as in Europe involved the United States in war in Vietnam and Southeast Asia as a whole. Successive American presidents from Eisenhower to Nixon poured more and more aid, troops and war equipment to keep the North from conquering South Vietnam (Berman, 1982). Determined to prevent the spread of communism, the United States had set up the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) in 1954. The so-called Second Vietnam War (1954-1975) was significant led to America’s first defeat in a foreign war and ended American prestige as a world power. The United States, by deserting its ally, South Vietnam, in the darkest hour of its need, has lost face. The tall, rich but decadent Americans had lost to the small, poor but determined Asians One of the issues of increasing concern in the postwar years was the civil rights or the movement to gain equality for black Americans. Blacks had benefited from the nation’s growing prosperity, and urban blacks in particular had greater earning power and a wider choice of jobs. Indeed, the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s had a substantial influence on the country’s economy but still, social and economic discrimination continued. Civil rights leaders waged a struggle against discrimination and segregation. Leaders of the movement turned to the federal courts and were successful in overturning an 1896 Court decision that allowed â€Å"separate but equal† schools for black students. The court ordered schools to end segregation with â€Å"all deliberate speed. †

Optical Distortion Essay Example for Free

Optical Distortion Essay What is the optimal pricing policy for Optical Distortion, Inc. (ODI) so its product can penetrate the market with sustainable contribution? Company: ODI manufactures and market contact lens for chicken that could partially blind the chicken thus prevent chickens from cannibalism behaviors toward each other, a problem that was traditionally solved by debeaking. Competition: Primary- The product is revolutionary at the time, plus ODI secured an exclusive contract with the suppliers for the contact’s material. As such, we expect no other firms would product the same product to compete with ODI in the short term. Secondary- Traditionally, debeaking is the method to solve the cannibalism problem among chickens. The labor cost of debeaking is about the same as the cost of contact lens installation. Nevertheless, contact lens provides other benefits compared to debeaking such as further lowering the mortality rate of chicken caused by cannibalism, reducing the feed consumption, and causing no negative effects to the productivity of a chicken. Customer: In order to substantiate the benefit of ODI’s product, a chicken farm needs to have at least 10,000 or more chickens. Such farms comprise of 3% of total US chicken farm. From exhibit 3, California has 592 farms with flock size of 20,000 or more in 1969. Segmentation: From the geographic perspective, California, North Carolina, and Georgia are the largest markets in the U. S. Given that ODI only has $200,000 initial capital and only four people work part time for the project, ODI should focus on the California market at least for the beginning. From the farm size perspective, the size of a chicken farm can be categorized as small farm, which has 10,000 or fewer chicken, medium farms, which has 10,000 to 50,000 chicken, and large farms, which contain over 50,000 chickens. Targeting: ODI should focus on large farms first then medium farms. Small farms are not ODI’s target because they are not economically feasible for ODI’s products. Focusing on large farms has several benefits: first, large farms has much greater potential benefits to use ODI’s products due to the economy of scale, the substantial financial incentives will make the persuasions to use ODI’s products much easier. Second, the owners of large farms are more likely to be entrepreneurial minded and are more open to adopt new and novel technologies/products. Third, if large farms start to use ODI’s products, smaller farms may be attracted to follow these large farm’s steps. Fourth, consider the extremely limited sales force of ODI in the initial phrase, focusing on large farms can bring more contributions for the company. Positioning: For owners of chicken farms with more than 10,000 birds in California, ODI’s product can successfully reduces the morality rate of chicken due to cannibalism and lower the feed consumption of chickens without the negative effects that result in loss in egg productions, exemplified by this revolutionary products that underwent numerous trials and testings. P Analysis: Of the 4 P’s, the most relevant one is the pricing strategy for ODI because it will directly impact the penetration rate and positioning of the new product. Price- Based on the information provided in the case, we can derive the potential benefit of using ODI’s contact lens versus traditional debeaking method.

The Definition Of Health Management Essay

The Definition Of Health Management Essay This assignment is actually will describe about the contradictory demand of cost reduction program and the need to invest to enhance the standard of health, safety and environment (HSE) in the industry. This assignment consist of the definition of Health, the definition of Safety, the definition of environment, Professional Organization in Malaysia, Cost Reduction, Profit, Discussion and also the Conclusion of this assignment. 2.0 THE DEFINITION OF HEALTH Health is the level of functional or metabolic efficiency of a living being. In humans, it is the general condition of a persons mind and body, usually meaning to be free from  illness,  injury  or  pain  (as in good health or healthy). The  World Health Organization  (WHO) defined health in its broader sense in 1946 as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Systematic activities to prevent or cure health problems and promote good health in humans are undertaken by  health care providers. Applications with regard to animal health are covered by the veterinary sciences. The term healthy is also widely used in the context of many types of non-living organizations and their impacts for the benefit of humans, such as in the sense of  healthy communities,  healthy cities  or  healthy environments. In addition to health care interventions and a persons surroundings, a number of other factors ar e known to influence the health status of individuals, including their background, lifestyle, and economic and social conditions, these are referred to as determinants of health. Generally, the context in which an individual lives is of great importance for his health status and quality of life. It is increasingly recognized that health is maintained and improved not only through the advancement and application of  health science, but also through the efforts and intelligent  lifestyle  choices of the individual and society. According to the  World Health Organization, the main determinants of health include the social and economic environment, the physical environment, and the persons individual characteristics and behaviours. 3.0 THE DEFINITION OF SAFETY Safety  is the state of being safe, the condition of being protected against physical, social, spiritual, financial, political, emotional, occupational, psychological, educational or other types or consequences of failure, damage,  error,  accidents,  harm  or any other event which could be considered non-desirable. Safety can also be defined to be the control of recognized hazards to achieve an acceptable level of risk. This can take the form of being protected from the event or from exposure to something that causes health or economical losses. It can include protection of people or of possessions. There are two slightly different meanings of  safety. For example,  home safety  may indicate a buildings ability to protect against external harm events (such as weather, home invasion, etc.), or may indicate that its internal installations (such as appliances, stairs, etc.) are safe (not dangerous or harmful) for its inhabitants. Safety is the condition of a steady state of an organization or place doing what it is supposed to do. What it is supposed to do is defined in terms of public codes and standards, associated architectural and engineering designs, corporate vision and mission statements, and operational plans and personnel policies. For any organization, place, or function, large or small, safety is a normative concept. It complies with situation-specific definitions of what is expected and acceptable. Security is the process or means, physical or human, of delaying, preventing, and otherwise protecting against external or internal, defects, dangers, loss, criminals, and other individuals or actions that threaten, hinder or destroy an organizations steady state, and deprive it of its intended purpose for being. Safety can be limited in relation to some  guarantee  or a standard of  insurance  to the quality and unharmful function of an object or organization. It is used in order to ensure that the object or organization will do only what it is meant to do. It is important to realize that safety is relative. Eliminating all  risk, if even possible, would be extremely difficult and very expensive. A safe situation is one where risks of injury or property damage are low and manageable. 4.0 THE DEFINITION OF ENVIRONMENT 4.1 Environment system In  science  and  engineering, a  system  is the part of the  universe  that is being studied, while the  environment  is the remainder of the universe that lies outside the boundaries of the system. It is also known as the  surroundings, and in  thermodynamics, as the  reservoir. In some disciplines, such as  information theory,  information  may also be exchanged. The environment is ignored in analysis of the system, except in regards to these interactions. The Environmental systems are vital to the human race and to all living organisms. Without the systems in place and working, we would all cease to exist. Rivers and streams are an example, if the system of this were to not work, then the whole system would collapse. 4.2 Environmental Health Environmental health  is a branch of  public health  concerned with all aspects of the  natural  and  built environment  that may affect human  health. Other phrases that concern or refer to the discipline of environmental health include  environmental public health  and  environmental health and protection. The field of environmental health differs from  environmental science  in that environmental health is concerned with environmental factors affecting human health whereas environmental science is concerned with the environment as it affects ecosystems. Environmental health addresses all the physical, chemical, and biological factors external to a person, and all the related factors impacting behaviours. It encompasses the assessment and control of those environmental factors that can potentially affect health. It is targeted towards preventing disease and creating health-supportive environments. This definition excludes behaviour not related to environme nt, as well as behaviour related to the social and cultural environment, and genetics. Environmental health is defined by the  World Health Organization. Those aspects of the human health and disease that are determined by factors in the environment. It also refers to the theory and practice of assessing and controlling factors in the environment that can potentially affect health. Environmental health as used by the WHO Regional Office for Europe, includes both the direct pathological effects of chemicals, radiation and some biological agents, and the effects (often indirect) on health and well being of the broad physical, psychological, social and cultural environment, which includes housing, urban development, land use and transport. 4.3 Environmental Health Profession Environmental health practitioners may be known as  sanitarians,  public health inspectors, environmental health specialists,  environmental health officers  or environmental health practitioners. In many European countries, physicians and veterinarians are involved in environmental health. In the United Kingdom, practitioners must have a graduate degree in environmental health and be certified and registered with the Chartered Institute of Environmental Health. In Canada, practitioners in environmental health are required to obtain an approved bachelors degree in environmental health along with the national professional certificate the Certificate in Public Health Inspection (Canada). Many states in the  United States  also require that individuals have a bachelors degree and professional  licenses  in order to practice environmental health. 4.4 Disciplines of Environmental Health Three basic disciplines generally contribute to the field of environmental health. The three disciplines of Environmental Health is environmental epidemiology, toxicology, and exposure science. Each of these disciplines contributes different information to describe problems in environmental health, but there is some overlap among them. Environmental epidemiology  studies the relationship between environmental exposures (including exposure to chemicals, radiation, microbiological agents, etc.) and human health. Observational studies, which simply observe exposures that people have already experienced, are common in environmental epidemiology because humans cannot ethically be exposed to agents that are known or suspected to cause disease. While the inability to use experimental study designs is a limitation of environmental epidemiology, this discipline directly observes effects on human health rather than estimating effects from animal studies. Toxicology  studies how environmental exposures lead to specific health outcomes, generally in animals, as a means to understand possible health outcomes in humans. Toxicology has the advantage of being able to conduct randomized controlled trials and other experimental studies because they can use animal subjects. However there are many differences in animal and human biology, and there can be a lot of uncertainty when interpreting the results of  animal studies  for their implications for human health. Exposure science  studies human exposure to environmental contaminants by both identifying and quantifying exposures. Exposure science can be used to support environmental epidemiology by better describing environmental exposures that may lead to a particular health outcome, identify common exposures whose health outcomes may be better understood through a toxicology study, or can be used in a risk assessment to determine whether current levels of exposure might exceed recommended levels. Exposure science has the advantage of being able to very accurately quantify exposures to specific chemicals, but it does not generate any information about health outcomes like environmental epidemiology or toxicology. Information from these three disciplines can be combined to conduct a  risk assessment  for specific chemicals or mixtures of chemicals to determine whether an exposure poses significant risk to human health. 5.0 PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATION IN MALAYSIA 1. Occupational Safety and Health Agency (OSHA) Occupational Safety and Health Agency OSHA is comprised of a diverse team of safety and quality professionals whose expertise is focused on what the company does best. With technical expertise as diverse and complex as the sites and facilities of its clients, OSHA is strategically positioned to help the regulated community manage a wide range of technical and regulatory issues related to past, present and future operations. OSHA is distinguished by the range and variety of professional disciplines it provides; the advanced technical expertise of OSHA staff; and professional contributions that OSHA has made to industry as well as the local community through participation in a number of projects and events that have helped to raise public awareness related to safety, and quality concerns. OSHA has established long term-valued relationships with our clients, providing customized approaches to occupational injury and illness prevention.   The OSHA organization work closely and discretely with clients to identify hazards and provide perspective on risk. OSHA can then correct deficiencies and improve performance within an existing organizational framework. 2. National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Malaysia is a company limited by guarantee owned by the Government of Malaysia. In the words of the Minister of Human Resources, Malaysia, NIOSH would be a critical catalyst in the promotion of occupational safety and health that would also serve as the backbone to create a self-regulating occupational safety and health culture in Malaysia. NIOSH is committed to ensure a safe and healthy working environment to all employees and others involved in or affected by its operation taking into account statutory requirement and relevant national and international standards and codes of practices.   Implementation and effectiveness of this policy is a line management responsibility together with the participation and involvement of all employees and NIOSH will ensure that adequate resources, training and time are made available.   Safety and Health management systems and programmes will be regularly reviewed to ensure continuous improvement. Humanistic approach will be adopted by NIOSH to promote a safe and healthy work culture which employer and employees share the common responsibility of creating a better work environment for all. This policy will be monitored to ensure achievement of our objectives and reviewed in light of legislative or organizational changes. 6.0 COST REDUCTION Cost reduction  is the process used by companies to reduce their  costs  and increase their  profits. Depending on a companys  services  or  product, the strategies can vary. However, it is important to remember that every decision in the product development process affects  cost. Companies typically launch a new product without focusing too much on cost. Cost becomes more important when competition increases and price becomes a differentiator in the market. There are several types of main cost reduction strategies:- Supplier consolidation Component consolidation Re-source to low cost countries Request For Quotations Supplier cost breakdown analysis Function analysis / Value analysis / Value engineering Design For Manufacture / Design For Assembly Reverse costing Cost driver analysis Should cost Product benchmarking Design to cost Design workshops with suppliers Competitor benchmarking There are right  cost reduction  techniques and there are wrong ones. Using the right strategies will result in a more efficient company spending. Using the wrong techniques will create a reduction of expenses required to maintain product quality and company value. It is a fine line sometimes, but a systematic approach can help managers avoid making serious mistakes in the rush to cut expenses. Cost management strategies should be utilized as components of a larger objective to maintain maximum profitability. As such, cutting expenses will be just one part of a plan that focuses also on maximizing revenue. Effective techniques will begin with the setting of goals and objectives. There can be many reasons why a company might need to cut costs. To create additional cash reserves To reduce price of product or service To bring expenses in line with revenues To eliminate unnecessary expenses or wasteful spending To increase company value To increase competitive advantage To move costs between departments Identifying the goal of the expense reduction exercise will assist with implementation of an effective plan. In other words, if you dont know why you are cutting costs, how are you going to know where to cut costs? The purpose of expense reduction is to help the company towards long term survival. Purposes of expense reduction include: Create cash for reinvest in research and development Reduce manufacturing costs to stay competitive Reduce costs as a non profit so able to serve more people Lower costs of service in order to provide additional services To become more efficient To prevent employee lay-offs To prevent reduction in employee benefits Cost reduction techniques should also be evaluated in terms of impact on the organization. Prioritizing the goals of the cost cutting program will insure that the strategies are implemented appropriately. There are many different ways a company can institute a plan to reduce expenses. Across the board reductions Prioritized reductions Departmental reductions Reductions based on professional assessment Cost reduction techniques can be an important strategy for another reason. They can teach a company to be economical, by forcing a regular review of spending at every level of the organization. It can keep a company vital and streamlined. The Alternate Considered Cost Reduction Ideas When seeking to reduce its expenditures on goods and services, the first thought in many organizations is Lets find cheaper suppliers. But in many cases, sourcing for new suppliers are either not practical or its a suboptimal alternative.  Fortunately, there are several ideas for achieving cost reductions without switching suppliers. Ask You May Receive   Ask your suppliers if they have cost savings ideas. You never know when the answer may surprise you.   Aggregation   According to Patton, Aggregation is any effort that makes the buyers requirements more attractive to the seller by bundling those requirements with the volume of other buyers. This can be internal across business units or geographies or external with other companies. For external bundling, you can build your own consortium or join an existing group purchasing organization. Spec Rationalization   Spec Rationalization involves looking at the goods and services you buy and determining smarter ways to specify them. Patton shares an example from previous employment: We discovered that we had between 80 and 100 different specifications across the company worldwide for water. No reasonable person in Purchasing or Engineering is gonna say that we really need that many specs for water.   Leveraging The Supply Chain   In this technique, youre looking at suppliers suppliers, one or two steps back in the supply chain, Patton explains. Sometimes, the biggest cost component in the equation is really out of your own immediate suppliers direct control. Patton recommends working to identify situations where several of your suppliers buy the same material towards what they make for you and then leveraging that combined demand to drive cost reductions from lower tier suppliers. 7.0 PROFIT A financial benefit that is realized when the amount of revenue gained from a business activity exceeds the expenses, costs and taxes needed to sustain the activity. Any profit that is gained goes to the businesss owners, who may or may not decide to spend it on the business. Calculated as: Profit = Total Revenue Total Expenses Profit is the money a business makes after accounting for all the expenses. Regardless of whether the business is a couple of kids running a lemonade stand or a publicly traded multinational company, consistently earning profit is every companys goal. 7.1 Economic Profit In neoclassical  microeconomic  theory, the term  profit  has two related but distinct meanings.  Normal profit  represents the total  opportunity costs  of a venture to an investor, whereas  economic profit  is, at least in the  neoclassical microeconomic theory  which dominates modern economics, the difference between a  firms total  revenue  and all costs (including normal profit).   A related concept, sometimes considered synonymous in certain contexts, is that of  economic rent. Other types of profit have been referenced, including  social profit  (related to  externalities). It is not to be confused with  profit in finance and accounting, which is equal to revenue minus only explicit costs and  super profit. Profit is not synonymous with the concepts of profitability and the  profit motive. 7.2 Normal Profit Normal  profit is a component of (implicit) costs and so not a component of business profit at all. It represents the opportunity cost for enterprise, since the time that the owner spends running the firm could be spent on running another firm. The enterprise component of normal profit is thus the profit that a business owner considers necessary to make running the business worth his while for example it is comparable to the next best amount the entrepreneur could earn doing another job. Particularly if enterprise is not included as a  factor of production, it can also be viewed a return to capital for investors including the entrepreneur, equivalent to the return the capital owner could have expected (in a safe investment), plus compensation for risk.   In other words, the cost of normal profit varies both within and across industries; it is commensurate with the riskiness associated with each type of investment, as per the risk-return spectrum. Only normal profits arise in ci rcumstances of  perfect competition  when long run  economic equilibrium  is reached; there is no incentive for firms to either enter or leave the industry. 8.0 DISCUSSION 1. Cost Reduction  by Design How to Reduce Product Cost by Design: Practice  Concurrent Engineering  with early and active participation of manufacturing, purchasing, vendors, etc. Implement  Design for Manufacturability  ( DFM ),  Design for Lean, and  Design for Quality For dramatic cost reduction   half cost to order-of-magnitude  Ã‚  optimize the concept/architecture phase To convert ideas, research or prototypes into viable products, use commercialization techniques to ensure success Activities Supportive to Low Cost Product Development: Co-locating Engineering with Manufacturing  ensures the best teamwork; avoid distant  off shoring If outsourcing, choose local vendors which ensures early and active vendor participation in product development teams Pre-select Vendor/Partners  who will help develop products, avoid low-bidding so that vendors will help with design Implement  standardization  and good product portfolio planning for the best focus Total cost measurements  to quantify all costs affected by design Correcting  Counterproductive Policies.  Ã‚  New ventures and start-ups will be able to implement these principles right away. Established companies may have to first correct  counterproductive policies, by prioritizing portfolio planning, scrutinizing high-overhead sales, emphasizing thorough up-front work, quantifying all costs, and avoiding time-draining attempts to  reduce cost after design, going for the  low-bidder, or  moving production offshore. See full  article on counterproductive policies. 2.  Lean Production  Cost Reduction How to Reduce Manufacturing Cost: Implement Lean Production Activities Supportive to Lean Production: Design product families for lean production Concurrently Engineer flexible processes Implement  standardization to enable  dock-to-line distribution Rationalize products to eliminate the most unusual products with the most unusual parts and processes Total cost measurements to quantify all costs related to manufacturing Keep control of manufacturing in house or with vendor/partners. 3.  Overhead  Cost Reduction How to Reduce Overhead Cost: Implement  Build-to-Order  and  Mass Customization  to build products on-demand without forecasts or inventory Activities Supportive to Build-to-Order Mass Customization: Implement  lean production Rationalize products Total cost measurements  to quantify overhead costs 4.  Standardization  Cost Reduction How to Reduce Cost with Standardization: Implement Standardization  with a practical procedure has been developed to standardize part and materials for new designs Activities Supportive to Standardization: Rationalize products  to eliminate or outsource the most unusual products that have the most unusual parts and materials Total cost measurements  to justify standardization efforts and encourage picking standard parts 5.  Product Line Rationalization  Cost Reduction How to Reduce Cost with Product Line Rationalization: Implement Product Line Rationalization  to eliminate or outsource low-profit products that have high overhead demands and are not compatible with cost reduction strategies Activities Supportive to Product Line Rationalization: Product Portfolio Planning focuses new product development Total cost measurements  to identify opportunities and supports rationalization decisions 6.  Supply Chain Management  Cost Reduction How to Reduce Cost in Supply Chain Management: Design products around standard parts  to simplify Supply Chain Management Standardize parts  to focus Supply Chain Management on high-volume, easy to get parts Rationalize away the most unusual products  which have the most usual, hardest-to-get parts Establish Vendor/Partnerships, which saves more money than  low-bidding Activities Supportive to Supply Chain Cost Reduction: Total cost measurements  to encourage and justify standardization and rationalization Dont merge acquired products into the same plant or build others products 7.  Quality Cost  Reduction How to Reduce the Cost of Quality: Eliminating quality costs starts with  designing in quality Rationalizing away unusual products  raises net factory quality and avoids wasting quality resources on inherently lower quality products Activities Supportive to Quality Cost Reduction: Total cost measurements to quantify the Cost of Quality 8.  Total Cost  Measurement to Support All Cost Reduction Activities How to Reduce Cost with Total Cost Measurements: Implement total cost measurement  with the easy-to-implement  cost driver  approach Activities Supportive to Total Cost Measurements: Until total cost can be quantified, everyone must make decisions based on  total cost thinking Senior management understands the importance of quantifying total cost, implements total cost measurements, and encourages all cost decisions to be made on basis of total cost 9.0 CONCLUSION As conclusion we can said that, the objectives of this assignment have been achieved which is to understand how to be cost effective but yet meeting the ever increasing HSE requirement. The conclusion is made due to what I have done about this assignment, describe properly about the problem required in this assignment. Cost becomes more important when competition increases and price becomes a differentiator in the market. Identifying the goal of the expense reduction exercise will assist with implementation of an effective plan. The purpose of expense reduction is to help the company towards long term survival. 10.0 REFERENCES [1] http://mydiposh.wordpress.com/tag/niosh-malaysia/ [2] http://www.niosh.com.my/en/ [3] http://www.pwc.com/gx/en/cost-reduction/index.jhtml [4] http://www.the-cost-reduction-consultant.com/CostReduction.html [5] http://www.nextlevelpurchasing.com/articles/cost-reduction-ideas.html?gclid [6] http://www.halfcostproducts.com/

America the Philosophical :: Philosophy Science Papers

America the Philosophical Although convention dictates that America is an unphilosophical sort of country, fonder of Super Bowls than supervenience, the development of philosophy away from Socratic strategies that presume eternal right answers to the classical philosophical problems suggests a second look is in order. This is particularly true if one accepts many of the notions currently in the air about "post-modern" or "post-analytic" philosophy — that its roots lie in classical rhetoric and pragmatism, or that its notion of truth holds the latter to be what issues from the most wide-open sort of informed deliberation possible. In that case, it begins to seem as if America is to philosophy as Italy is to art, or Norway to skiing: a perfectly designed environment for the practice. This, at least, is the provocation intended by this paper. America the Philosophical? It sounds like Canada the Exhibitionist or France the Unassuming: a mental miscue, a delusional academic tic, a Dead-On-Arrival body emitting gases of pure intellectual wish-fulfillment. Everyone knows that Americans don't take philosophy seriously, don't know much about it, don't pay any attention to it, and couldn't name a contemporary academic philosopher if their passports depended on it. As historian Richard Hofstadter drily observed in his Pulitzer-Prize-winning Anti-Intellectualism in American Life (1962), "In the United States the play of the mind is perhaps the only form of play not looked upon with the most tender indulgence." But if the title phenomenon of Hofstadter's classic indeed boasts "a long, historical background," the peculiar attitude directed at philosophy softens that hostility by increasing the dosage of unfamiliarity or contempt. Philosophy often seems sufficiently unthreatening to the practical on-the-go American that Arthur Schlesinger's stinging old charge — that on these shores, "Anti-intellectualism has long been the anti-Semitism of the businessman" — feels overwrought. The American middle manager confronted with a devoted philosophy type is most likely to recycle the old cliche, "What are you going to do, open a philosophy store?", and leave it at that. If, of course, the information has been accurately downloaded. Tell your middlebrow seatmate on an commuter flight that you're "in philosophy" and the reply is likely to be, "Oh, that's great. My niece is in psychology too." The infrequent philosophy blips on America's media screens suggest that philosophy doesn't quite register on the American psyche with the gravitas professionals in the field might like. According to the Macy's window of American gossip, the New York Post’s "Page Six," model emeritus Lauren Hutton regards Camille Paglia, the media's 15-minute joy-toy of the `80s, as "the greatest living American philosopher.

Magnet Therapy Essay -- essays research papers fc

A. Introduction and Definition: Magnet therapy is an alternative treatment which has been gaining ground in recent years. Magnet therapy is related to biomagnetism which is a branch of biology that studies the effects of magnetism in living beings as well as magnetism and electromagnetism. Many experiments have been conducted in the world. Over time, practitioners have kept records of what has and has not worked. Precautionary measures are now known to use with magnet therapy. It has been known to promote magnet therapy as a very safe and effective treatment when used correctly. B. Historical Aspects and Background: The origin of biomagnetism started centuries ago by the people of India, China, the eastern Mediterranean basin, and Australian aborigines and native Africans. Around 200 B.C., the Greek physician Galen noted magnetism was being used for it’s purgative powers. A persian physician named Ali Abbas was using magnetism to treat "spasms" and "gout" around A.D. 1000. Also, in the 16th century, Paracelsus, an innovative Swiss physician claimed to cure "hernias, gout, and jaundice" through the use of magnets. To understand the history of biomagnetism, it is necessary to examine the earlier history of magnetism and electromagnetism. Only a few hundred years ago did electromagnetism emerge, but the knowledge of magnetism goes back to ancient times. Legends say that a shepard named Magus discovered a mineral that attracted the nails of his sandals as he crossed Mount Ida in Asia Minor about twenty-five hundred years ago. The mineral today is known as ma gnetite. Some sources say that the word "magnetism" comes from Magnesia, a city in Asia Minor where the stone can be found. It has been observed when a magnet is left free to spin, it always rests in the same position. In 1269, Pierre de Maricourt had differentiated the two poles. He called the poles "north" and "south." "North" was the pole that points to the geographic north pole and "South" the pole that points to the geographic south pole. Later, it was observed that opposite poles attract and same type poles repel. In this case, "North" the pole of magnet pointing to the geographic south and "South" the pole pointing to the geographic north. ... ...essages to the brain when stimulated. Nerve cells have a negative internal charge and a positive external charge unlike blood cells. When the north pole of a magnet is applied to the skin next to the nerve endings, the negative energy of the magnet and positive energy of the nerve cells attract each other. There are many more positive effects of magnet therapy that relate to the endocrine system, joints, muscles, and the blood. Personally, I have gone to massage therapy, for my back, as long as 6 months or so. I have had little to no relief at all. I have though about the use of magnet therapy quite a bit. If magnet therapy could be an alternative in treatment of my back, I would definitely have to say yes! Magnet therapy has many positive effects and more and more research is being conducted to this day. F. Bibliography: 1. Healing With Magnets, Gary Null, Ph.D. Carroll and Graf Publishers, Inc. 1998. 2. Magnet Therapy: The Gentle and Effective Way to Balance Body Systems, Ghanshyam Singh Birla and Colette Hemlin, Healing Arts Press, 1999. 3. Magnet Therapy: The Pain Cure Alternative, Ron Lawrence, M.D., Ph.D., Paul J. Rosch, M.D., F.A.C.P., and Judith Plowden

Death of a salesman :: essays research papers

Instability Lead Life to Its End The character Willy Loman from the play Death of a Salesman has been read throughout the years with distinct interpretations. Many people have given different reasons to what led to Willy’s tragic fate. One interpretation I took was that Willy’s instability in his life led to his death. Some point that led in to my interpretation were his early family life, his relationship with Biff, and his job.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Willy’s early family life was a difficult one with its many inconsistencies. In Willy’s early childhood his father left; this left him with many questions about his father and how to be a father. In one scene we see Willy talking to Ben and Willy voices questions and comments about when their father left. Willy asks â€Å"Where is Dad?† and says â€Å"Dad left when I was such a baby and I never had a chance to talk to him.† Willy also voices his concerns about being a father. He says â€Å"sometimes I’m afraid that I’m not teaching them the right kind of—Ben, how should I teach them?† In this early life Willy and his family move around a lot. People and places changed around them fairly swiftly. Another inconsistency in his early family life was his relationship with his brother, Ben. Ben left Willy without looking back. Ben comes in and out of Willy’s life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Willy’s relationship with Biff has its highs and lows throughout the play making it difficult to establish a feel for their feeling towards each other. In the eyes of an early Biff there is nothing but love and devotion towards his father. Even Willy says Biff would â€Å"go into the jaws of hell for me†. This type of affections changes after Biff finds out about his father’s infidelity. Biff loses total respect for his father and calls Willy a â€Å"liar† and a â€Å"fake†. Willy saw early Biff as being a son he could be proud of with all Biff’s football victories and successes with girls. As time passes and Biff comes home from the west it is evident that Willy no longer feels pride towards Biff. Biff has no job and wasn’t making much money at his last job therefore Willy feels no pride towards Biff. Near the end of the play Willy’s feelings towards Biff change once again. Willy comes to believe that Biff l oves him. Willy starts to says things like â€Å"that boy is going to be magnificent†.

Mindy’s Sections Essay

Profitability BJB intends to apply a six sigma approach to improving profitability in the innovative CD changers. Using such tools provided through this approach will lead to major cost reduction and quality improvements that will result in an increase in profitability. The approach will involve measuring capability of processes to produce services and products that remain free of defect. Experts at BJB will analyze standard deviation, short term performance data, and critical to quality (CTQ) characteristics to predict long-term process capability. Such analysis will apply concepts to the product, such as opportunity for defect, defects per opportunity, and defects per million opportunities. Experts previously described will use a four step approach to deploy this strategy. These steps include measuring of CTQ characteristics; analysis through benchmarking and gap studies, improvement, and control. With a ratio of 1 expert per 100 employees, BJB will lead more projects per year as well as have a potential savings of $175,000 per project. Reference: Harry, Mikel J. (1998). Quality Progress. Six Sigma: A Breakthrough Strategy for Profitability. American Society for Quality. Retrieved from: http://asq.org/qic/display-item/index.html?item=13334 Customer Complaints Management BJB will apply a Six Sigma approach to manage and improve customer complaints’ management process. This methodology provides an organized structure for solving and analysis of problems. BJB will apply DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control) phases to solve and define problems within the organization. First, the problem is defined, variables influencing processes are measured, cause for process failure are analyzed, improvements are planned and made as well as variables are controlled until a defined six sigma level and a solid level of customer satisfaction is determined. Reference: Riesenberger, Carlos & Sousa, Sergio Dinis (2010). Application of the Six Sigma Methodology in Customer Complaints Management: A Case Study in the Automotive Industry. Retrieved from: http://www.pomsmeetings.org/ConfPapers/015/015-0345.pdf Environmental Regulations Compliance BJB must consider environmental regulations compliance in regard to computer and electronic product manufacturing sector (NAICS 334). This sector covers manufacturers of electrical distribution equipment and electrical industrial apparatus as well as other electrical equipment and supplies. Laws and Regulations that BJB must abide by include: †¢ Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program †¢ National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP): air toxics regulations: o Degreasing Organic Cleaners (Halogenated Solvent Cleaners) o Magnetic Tape (surface coating) o Semiconductor Manufacturing †¢ Stratospheric Ozone Regulations: o The Phase-out of Ozone Depleting Substances o Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP) Program: EPA’s program to evaluate and regulate substitutes for the ozone-depleting chemicals that are being phased out under the stratospheric ozone protection provisions of the Clean Air Act (CAA). Compliance to such laws and regulations will assist BJB meet environmental obligations. Enforcement of legal action against BJB is a result of noncompliance to such laws and regulations. Reference: United States Environmental Protection Agency (2012). Laws and Regulations. Retrieved from: http://www.epa.gov/lawsregs/compliance/

Is the United States winning the war in Iraq? Essay

Is the United States winning the war in Iraq? War is a word that brings a sad feeling in the minds of listener. This word is associated with fight, blood, death, miseries, pain and trouble for many but war is also associated with winning, freedom, and authority. Iraq is a very small country as compare to United States of America, but having a tradition of love for expansion, power and control. On the other hand United States of America, the only existing super power after cold war but seriously threatens by terrorist, expansionist and extremist forces of the world after attacks on twin towers in 2001. US has launched war against terrorism as a counter measure to curb above mentioned forces and attacked Afghanistan which was favored by most of the countries like Britain, Nato Countries etc. Attack on Iraq was also a continuation of War against terrorism due to charges of human rights violation, coalition and support to extremist and terrorist groups coupled with construction of weapons of mass destruction. Iraq was facing sanctions after Iraq Kuwait war in 90’s; its economic conditions were severely awful. Being a country with plenty of natural resources Iraqi people were suffering from economic recession, political aggression, and poor international relations. Iraqi ruler was a dictator having tradition of violating human rights. These issues were not only a threat for United States but to all peace loving forces of the world. All the above facts paved ways for a new turn in War against terrorism. President Bush said it clearly in an interview with MSNBC that â€Å"Americans did not start war against terrorism but we will win it† (Bush, 2004) According to American lobby they are victims rather than slaughterers. America attacked Iraq to safe themselves and all the people of the world because if those weapons of mass destruction will left with Iraqi regime then no individual in any part of the world will be safe. It seems reasonable to the world. Therefore it gained favor from majority of nation and their population. Thomas Donnelly, a resident fellow at the American Enterprise Institute (AEI) said â€Å"The American and coalition forces invasion was justified and paved ways to a new era of democracy and justice in Middle East. † Iraq claimed that all claims made regarding weapons of mass destruction are bogus and America attacked Iraq because of American strategy to take control over Iraq’s oil reserves and enrich land. It will also give ways towards a solid position in Asia and will helpful in curbing down China. The war started and is still going on and according to officials will not end in near future. Is America winning war in Iraq need many other questions to address for having a clear, unbiased and logical reasoning like what war in Iraq has given United States specifically and to the world generally? War in Iraq brought peace and harmony in the world. It gives strength to the peace loving forces of the world and shows all the dictators and extremist forces of the world that human lives are most important assets and United States of America will not let any one play with innocent souls of innocent civilians. Taking Sadam Hussain’s into American custody gives end to an era of violation, obsession, and victimization. It also convey message to the world that justice is still prevailing in the society. On the other end war in Iraq was fought to save lives of innocent civilians of the world from cruel weapons but the weapons used in Iraq by united forces and America were also cruel because they were also not able to differentiate between terrorist, and innocent people when they explode in markets and civilian places of Iraq. Innocent people were dead due to the attacks in Iraq in fact they are still dying. In these innocent people not only Iraqi civilians are included but it also included all those military officials and soldiers those were dead in Iraq due to the counters attacks and gorilla fights between Iraqi people and United Forces. These soldiers were sent to Iraq on a war that was started to reduce miseries, trouble and pain in lives of 9/11 victim’s families but now their families are suffering with same pain, trouble and miseries of loosing their loved ones. Strategically if one calculates what United States is spending in Iraq till today, it will be equal to millions of dollars and if that money will invest on welfare activities it will resulted in better outcomes. The war in Iraq asks a very important question to all peace loving nations that â€Å"Is war a solution of all problems? † Is life of American those dead in 9/11 and other terrorist attacks are more important than lives of Iraqi and Afghani civilians? Even if America is still not able to prove it claims regarding presence of weapons for mass destruction in Iraq. Is an attack on twin towers is more vital than several attacks on Iraq? No. Definitely not and this is what general consensus is started to develop among neutral actors inside and outside USA. Vast majority in United States of America is feeling that the cause of war against terrorism was correct, genuine and need of the time but the way it was fought should be different. Because if we critically analyze the current situation we will feel that War in Iraq gave us nothing except lesson that â€Å"Any War that is fought with weapons give nothing except pain to both winners and losers. † This concept is enforce by the decision of American nation to giving votes to the democrats in recent elections rather than republicans those election campaign revolves around the effects of war in Iraq and Afghanistan on American nation and the future of war on terror. The war in Iraq was started around three years back and no body knows when it will end. Apparently Sadam Hussain and his allies are in custody, Iraq has American and Coalition forces deputed for peace keeping but there is also a doubt that this war is leading towards the same situation that has happened with USSR for America. â€Å"No one can guarantee that any course of action in Iraq at this point will stop sectarian warfare, growing violence, or a slide toward chaos. If current trends continue, the potential consequences are severe. †(The Iraq study Group report December 2006) because world has seen the what has happened with USSR in Afghanistan, how Afghanis threw them out of their country after more than 8 years and as a result USSR itself was vanished from the map of the world. The solution for this situation is address by Iraq study group in their recent report â€Å"Our most important recommendations call for new and enhanced diplomatic and political efforts in Iraq and the region, and a change in the primary mission of U. S. forces in Iraq that will enable the United States to begin to move its combat forces out of Iraq responsibly. † (The Iraq study Group report December 2006) The war in Iraq is a war between ideologies, it is a war between rights and wrong, it is a war between justice and cruelty but the American Nation as one unit need to develop consensus towards the future strategy against war in Iraq because it will not end unless it will be fought on all possible grounds rather than military and force because weapons can only create destructions, they can only win lands but not hearts of people and United States of America has a tradition of winning hearts with love, sympathy and understanding. Therefore it is essential to understand that â€Å"This struggle must be fought with ideas and undertaken not just by the political leadership and the military but also by all levels of government including diplomatic, informational, economic, social and cultural mean. †(Effect based operations and counter terrorism, pg 27). The conclusion of the prolong war lies in self assessment and self realization. It includes reviewing our strategy and reassessing our goals. The targets are many but the way to achieve them is still ambiguous. The elite leadership of Al Qaeda and Taliban are still out of reach of United States. The strategy need to device through cooperation and collaboration on diplomatic and political fronts to support self sufficient and democratic Iraq where freedom and respect will prevail because peace and harmony in America cannot be kept at sake of Iraq. BIBLIOGRAPHY: 1.Effect based operations and counter terrorism, Air & Space Power Journal fall 05, 2005, Diane Publishing, pg 129 2. Bush clarifies view on war against terrorism ‘We will win,’ just not in conventional way, NBC, MSNBC and news services, national journal. com, Aug. 31, 2004 retrieved on Nov 20th 2006 from http://www. msnbc. msn. com/ID/5865710/ 3. Executive summary of The Iraq study Group report December 2006 4. Iraq transition to power retrieved from http://www. cnn. com/2006/POLITICS/10/23/iraq. poll2/index. html on 15th Dec 2006.